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Wia dis foto come from, Getty Images
- Author, Jeremy Howell
- Role, BBC World Service
Israeli forces don seize control of one demilitarised buffer zone on di Golan Heights, and a number of oda positions for Syrian territory.
Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu say im don order di Israel Defense Forces (IDF) to enter di buffer zone and “commanding positions nearby”.
E say dis na temporary move to secure Israel from attack by rebel forces for Syria following di collapse of di regime of Bashar al-Assad dia.
Several Arab states don condemn di move.
Wia di Golan Heights dey and who dey control dem?

Di Golan Heights na rocky plateau wey dey south-west Syria, extending towards north-east Israel. E dey under Israeli military occupation.
For di 1967 Six-Day War, Syria bin attack Israel across di heights, but Israel bin retaliate and capture about 1,200 km sq (460 sq miles) of di area.
Syria bin try to retake di Golan Heights during di 1973 Middle East (Yom Kippur) war, but e fail.
Both countries bin sign armistice for 1974, wey require dia forces to withdraw to either side of an 80km-long strip of land known as di “Area of Separation” on di heights, and one UN unit dem call di Disengagement Observer Force don dey in place since den to monitor compliance.
For 1981, Israel annex di area of di Golan Heights under dia control, and settlers start to build homes dia.
Israel sovereignty over di area no dey recognised internationally. However, di administration of di den US President Donald Trump bin break with decades of US policy by doing so for 2019.
Syria don tok say dem no go make any peace deal with Israel unless dem withdraw from di whole of di Golan.
For November 2024, Israel receive complaints from Syria and UN for building trenches along dia side of di Area of Separation wey at some points bin cross into di buffer zone.
Why di Golan Heights dey important?

Wia dis foto come from, Getty Images
Syria use artillery regularly to shell di whole of northern Israel from 1948 to 1967 wen dem bin control di Golan Heights.
For Israel, di Syrian capital, Damascus – about 60 km north – dey clearly visible from di heights, along with much of southern Syria. Controlling di area give Israel an excellent vantage point for monitoring Syrian military movements.
Di slope up to di heights also provide Israel with a natural buffer against any military attack from Syria (as e bin do for di 1973 war).
Di Golan Heights na a key source of water for a region wey generally dey dry.
Rainwater from di heights dey feed into di Jordan River, making di surrounding land fertile enough to support vineyards and orchards, and to provide pasture for cattle.
One of di main barriers to any peace deal between Syria and Israel in di past na Syria demand for Israel to withdraw fully to dia pre-1967 border.
Dat go give Syria control of di eastern shore of di Sea of Galilee (also known as Lake Kinneret to Israelis and Lake Tiberius to Arabs), but dis go deprive Israel of an important source of fresh water. Israel don say di border suppose dey located further to di east.
Public opinion for Israel generally favour keeping di Golan Heights, as pipo think say e dey too important, strategically, to be returned.
Who dey live on di Golan Heights?

Wia dis foto come from, Getty Images
Most of di Syrian Arab inhabitants of di Golan Heights bin run comot from di area during di 1967 war.
Now e get more dan 30 Israeli settlements for di Golan area, wey be home to an estimated 20,000 pipo. Israelis start to build dem almost immediately after di end of di 1967 conflict.
Di settlements dey considered to be illegal under international law, although Israel no agree with dis one.
Di settlers dey live alongside some 20,000 Syrians – most of dem from di Druze sect, wey no run comot wen di Golan bin dey captured.
Syria say di land always belong to dem and dem don vow to recover di territory, while Israel say di heights dey crucial for dia defence and so e go remain for dia hands forever.
Wetin Israel don recently do on di Golan Heights?

Wia dis foto come from, Getty Images
IDF troops seize control of di demilitarised buffer zone on di Golan Heights after Syrian army troops leave dia posts for di area, in di face of advancing rebel forces.
IDF commanders don also acknowledge say troops dey operate beyond di demilitarised buffer zone for di Golan Heights.
Netanyahu say im forces dey establish a “temporary defensive position until dem find a suitable arrangement.
“If we fit establish neighbourly relations and peaceful relations with di new forces wey dey emerge for Syria, dat na our desire. But if we do so, we go do wateva e takes to defend di State of Israel and di border of Israel,” e tok.
Syrian reports claim say Israeli advances don reach to within 25km of Damascus, but Israeli military sources deny say dia incursion don go dat far.
Israel move dey roundly condemned for statements by several Arab countries. Di Egyptian foreign ministry describe am as “an occupation of Syrian territory and a violation of di 1974 Disengagement Agreement”.
Netanyahu say im dey take di move to secure Israel borders becos, with di rebel forces takeover of Syria, di 1974 agreement don “collapse”.
“Israel don say e wan prevent any attack such as di 7 October attack by Hamas happening from di Syrian side, ” na so Prof Gilbert Achcar from SOAS University of London tok.
“Dis na opportunity to move forward and stop oda forces moving closer to di border of di occupied zone.”
Many analysts no too clear about Israel justification for dia move.
“Syria no ever say dem no go abide by di agreement,” na so Prof Yossi Mekelberg of Chatham House tok, di London-based think tank for international affairs.
“Dis na forward move by Israel to ensure dia security, but e no get any casus belli [justification for military action].”
Dr HA Hellyer from di London-based think tank, di Royal United Services Institute, say di likelihood of Syria rebel groups trying to retake di Golan Heights in di short term dey small.
“Dem go dey too preoccupied with domestic matters to think about creating a new conflict with Israel,” e tok.
Prof Mekelberg say dis encroachment into Syria by Israel fit poison relations with future goments dia: “Israel dey operate by trying to deal with worst-case scenarios, but dis fit dey counterproductive. No be di way to make friends with di new regime.”
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