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Footage of Houthi missile strike
(Video: Magen David Adom, Fire and Rescue Authority)
Two main reasons might explain Saturday’s interception failure. The first is that the missile was launched in a “flattened” ballistic trajectory, possibly from an unexpected direction. As a result, Israeli or U.S. detection systems in Saudi Arabia may not have identified it in time, leading to its late discovery and insufficient time for interceptors to operate.
The warhead of any ballistic missile is hypersonic. Once it re-enters the atmosphere, it uses small rocket engines or fins for navigation during its maneuvering phase. This maneuvering, conducted at speeds of Mach 5 (five times the speed of sound), poses a significant challenge for air defense systems. This could explain why the warhead of Thursday morning’s missile struck a building in Ramat Efal.
It’s known that Iran possesses missiles with maneuvering warheads, such as the Khaibar-Shekan and Emad 4. According to foreign reports, several of these missiles struck Israeli air bases at Tel Nof and Nevatim in Iran’s latest attack.
It seems that Iran, in collaboration with the Houthis, has developed a method to launch these missiles in low ballistic trajectories, complicating their interception.
The pressing question now is why none of the other of Israel’s air defense layers managed to intercept the warhead. The likely explanation is the late detection and the flat trajectory, which prevented the operation of all available defense apparatuses.
The threat posed by maneuvering warheads on Iran’s heavy, long-range missiles would become existential for Israel should Iran succeed in developing nuclear warheads for these missiles.
A single nuclear-maneuvering warhead breaching Israel’s air defense system could cause catastrophic destruction and loss of life.
The Houthis claimed responsibility for the missile strike in central Israel on Saturday, asserting they targeted a “military target in Jaffa using the Palestine 2 hypersonic ballistic missile.”
Senior Houthi official Mohammed Ali al-Houthi talked following the strike, saying, “The Arrow system doesn’t provide Israel with safety against Palestine 2 missiles. Our capabilities continue to develop and the U.S., Europe and Israel’s defense systems failures continue.”
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